Learn the Difference Between
Imply and Infer
by Tina Blue
March 27, 2001
All this week I have run into the word infer mistakenly used to mean imply. I'd like to help everyone get those two words straightened out.
INFER vs. IMPLY
The best way to remember the difference between these two words is to think in terms of the model used by communications theorists. Communication consists of a
message, a sender, and a receiver. The sender can
imply, but the receiver can only infer. The error that usually occurs is that the word infer is mistakenly used for
imply.
message, a sender, and a receiver. The sender can
imply, but the receiver can only infer. The error that usually occurs is that the word infer is mistakenly used for
imply.
WRONG: Are you inferring that I am a fool?
RIGHT: Are you implying that I am a fool?
If someone gets the idea from your behavior that you are a fool, then he is inferring that you are a fool. But if he is subtly letting you know that he thinks so, then he is
implying that you are a fool. You, of course, can infer from his implication that he thinks you are a fool.
implying that you are a fool. You, of course, can infer from his implication that he thinks you are a fool.
IMPLY = to put the suggestion into the message (sender
implies)
implies)
INFER = to take the suggestion out of the message (receiver infers)
IMPLICATION = what the sender has implied
INFERENCE = what the receiver has inferred
